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Early Signs of Glaucoma
What glaucoma is, its early signs, risk groups and the examination methods used in diagnosis. Information article by an ophthalmologist in Samsun.
Key points
- Glaucoma usually causes no symptoms in its early stages; visual field loss progresses silently from the periphery inwards.
- Measuring eye pressure alone is not enough; the optic nerve and visual field are assessed together.
- Age over 40, a family history of glaucoma, high myopia and diabetes are the main risk factors.
- Lost optic nerve fibres cannot be recovered; the goal of treatment is to slow progression.
Glaucoma, commonly known as eye pressure, is a serious eye disease caused by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve and can lead to irreversible vision loss if left untreated. One of its most dangerous aspects is that it often progresses silently without noticeable symptoms in the early stages, which is why it is also called the “silent thief of sight.”
The early signs of glaucoma vary depending on the type of the disease. Open-angle glaucoma usually develops slowly and is difficult to detect in the early stages. Patients may notice gradual peripheral vision loss, blurred side vision, and difficulty seeing in low light. In advanced stages, tunnel vision may occur.
Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, presents with sudden and severe symptoms such as intense eye pain, redness, headache, nausea, blurred vision, and halos around lights. This condition is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.
Early detection of glaucoma is crucial. Regular eye examinations, intraocular pressure measurements, visual field tests, and OCT imaging help diagnose the disease at an early stage. When detected early, glaucoma progression can be controlled with eye drops, laser treatments, or surgical procedures if necessary.
Since glaucoma often progresses unnoticed, regular eye check-ups are especially important for individuals over 40 and those with a family history of the disease. Early diagnosis plays a key role in preserving vision and preventing permanent damage.
When should you see a doctor?
Sudden blurred vision with eye pain, haloes around lights, nausea and redness may indicate an angle-closure attack and require urgent assessment. Even without symptoms, people in risk groups are advised to have their eye pressure and optic nerve checked at an annual examination.
Frequently asked questions
Does high eye pressure always mean glaucoma?
No. Raised intraocular pressure alone does not establish the diagnosis; the physician looks for optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Glaucoma can also occur with normal pressure.
Is glaucoma treatment lifelong?
Glaucoma is a chronic condition that needs regular follow-up. Drops, laser or surgery are planned according to the individual situation and their effect is monitored at check-ups.
Is glaucoma hereditary?
The risk is higher in people with a first-degree relative who has glaucoma. Those with a family history are therefore advised to be examined earlier and more often.
The information on this page is for general information only and does not replace medical examination, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a physician for your eye health concerns.
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